Which subdivision of the nervous system controls involuntary actions?

• A. Autonomic Nervous System
• B. Somatic Nervous System
• C. Central Nervous System
• D. Peripheral Nervous System

Answer: (A)

The autonomic nervous system handles actions you don’t consciously control. It regulates the internal organs and glands, including the heart, digestive system, airways, and pupil size, doing so automatically. It has two main branches: the sympathetic division, which mobilizes the body for activity or stress, and the parasympathetic division, which promotes rest, digestion, and recovery. In a massage context, this balance often shifts toward parasympathetic activity, supporting relaxation and recovery. The somatic nervous system manages voluntary movements of skeletal muscles and reflexes, the central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system includes all nerves outside the CNS (carrying both autonomic and somatic pathways).